Malic Acid
C₄H₆O₅
Gentle Exfoliant & Hydration Booster for Glowing Skin
Source & Overview
Malic acid is a naturally occurring alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) found in apples (from which it gets its name, malum = Latin for apple), grapes, and rhubarb. In skincare, it’s often lab-synthesized for purity and stability. Known for its mild exfoliating and hydrating properties, it bridges the gap between strong AHAs (like glycolic acid) and gentler ones (like lactic acid).
Key Benefits for Skin
✨ Gentle Exfoliation:
- Dissolves dead skin cells to unclog pores, smooth texture, and brighten dullness.
- Smaller molecular size than lactic acid but larger than glycolic acid, offering moderate penetration.
✨ Hydration Boost: - Enhances moisture retention by supporting the skin’s natural moisturizing factors (NMFs).
✨ Antioxidant Protection: - Neutralizes free radicals from pollution/UV exposure.
✨ pH Balancing: - Helps maintain the skin’s optimal pH (4.5–5.5), strengthening the barrier.
How to Use in Skincare
- Concentration:
- 1–5% in formulations (serums, toners, peels). Higher concentrations may irritate.
- Product Types:
- Cleansers/Toners: Mild daily exfoliation.
- Masks/Peels: Weekly treatments for renewed radiance.
- Layering:
- Pair with hyaluronic acid for hydration or niacinamide to reduce redness.
- Avoid combining with retinol or other strong acids (risk of over-exfoliation).
Safety & Tips
- Patch Test: Apply diluted product to inner arm for 24 hours.
- Sun Sensitivity: Increases UV vulnerability—SPF 30+ is mandatory.
- Irritation Signs: Redness, stinging (discontinue use if severe).
- DIY Formulations:
- Use cosmetic-grade malic acid powder.
- Dissolve in water-based solutions at pH 3–4 for efficacy.